DNA purification is a typical and vital procedure in molecular biology. The purification of DNA aims at making it possible to separate the desired genetic material (chromosomal material) from contaminants such as proteins, RNA, and cell membrane. This is an essential procedure in almost every molecular process and must be done correctly in order to produce the highest quality usable DNA.
There are a variety of options for DNA purification. The selection is based on a range of factors, such as the starting materials and downstream applications, costs and time limitations. The standard genomic and plasmid purification methods involve chemical treatment, enzymatic digesting or mechanical disruption of cells or tissues followed by salting out of proteins and then precipitating the DNA with alcohol.
Ethanol precipitation is a cheap simple and quick method of desalting and concentrating DNA. DNA molecules form aggregates in the presence of monovalent cations such as sodium and then precipitated out of solution by large amounts of ethanol. This method permits the removal of salts, organic compounds and other impurities from the sample and is frequently used in combination with other purification methods.
Another popular method for DNA purification is anion exchange chromatography. DNA in solution is linked to positively charged resins due to the interaction between the negatively charged DNA phosphate backbone and the positively https://mpsciences.com/2021/04/23/dna-purification-processes-for-different-applications/ charged surface molecules of the resin. During the binding and washing processes the contaminating molecules are removed from the DNA using strict washing steps, and the DNA that is purified is eluted under low salt conditions.